The US acted as midwife to South Africa’s apartheid system, said Dr Gerald Horne, author of “US Imperialism and Anti-Communism vs Liberation of Southern Africa, from Rhodes to Mandela.” Horne, a professor of History and African American Studies at the University of Houston and possibly Black America’s most prolific living political writer, said the US Carnegie Corporation formulated “the blueprint” for South Africa’s apartheid system, imposed in 1948 as “a combination of neo-slavery and Jim Crow on steroids.”
Liberation struggles are not fought only on the battlefield. The African Party for the Independence of Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde (PAIGC) left a legacy of educational decolonization.
