Public schools in Black America are part of the mass incarceration system, said David Stovall, a professor of African American Studies and Criminology at the University of Illinois, in Chicago. “If you have this heavily funded carceral system, and a schooling system that is substandard, they fuel each other,” said Stovall, who wrote an article calling for school abolition in the Journal of Culture and Education. Stovall distinguishes between order-oriented schooling and genuine education.