Sky-high rates of suspension of Black students are caused by a pervasive “system of anti-Blackness” rooted in slavery and Jim Crow, said Dr. Justin Coles, who specializes in Urban Education and Critical Race Studies at the Fordham University Graduate School. “The design of schooling in a ‘slave’ society is not meant for Black youth survival,” said Coles. “When Black bodies enter space they are disturbing the white mythical peace.”
