by Ann Garrison
It was 20 years ago this month that Rwanda invaded the Democratic Republic of Congo, setting in motion a genocide that has claimed more than six million lives. Six years ago this month, Rwandan presidential candidate Victoire Ingabire for attempting to remind the world that Hutus were slaughtered by Paul Kagame’s regime, “a crime that every opponent of this government is accused of.”
Two Anniversaries: The Congo Invasion and Ingabire’s Arrest
by Ann Garrison
“President Bill Clinton intervened to make sure that U.S. ally General Paul Kagame won the war and seized power in Rwanda, no matter how high the human cost.”
For 22 years, the Rwandan government’s radically simplified and decontextualized history of the massacres of 1994 has been used to justify President Paul Kagame’s totalitarian rule. For 20 years it has also been used to justify the U.S.-backed invasion, occupation and plunder of the immensely resource-rich Democratic Republic of Congo.
October 14th marked the sixth anniversary of Rwandan political prisoner Victoire Ingabire’s arrest, and October 24th marked the 20th anniversary of Rwanda’s and Uganda’s invasion and occupation of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Victoire Ingabire’s international supporters used social media and the hashtags #IngabireDay and #HastaVictoireFREE to announce that they have named the anniversary of her arrest and imprisonment “Ingabire Day.” In December 2013, Rwanda’s Supreme Court upheld Ingabire’s conviction for conspiring with terrorists, encouraging Rwandans to rebel, and “genocide ideology,” which means challenging Rwanda’s constitutionally codified and legally enforced history of the Rwandan massacres of the 1990s.
In 2010, the year she attempted to run for president against Paul Kagame, but went to prison instead, Victoire said, "I would like you to understand that this trial is politically motivated, because I am accused of being a divisionist. For us, where RPF [Rwandan Patriotic Front] sees divisionism, we see political pluralism. They have to accept the diversity of our society and see how it can be used positively. It is the only way to end cycles of violence in our country. I am accused of having genocidal ideology. It is a crime that every opponent of this government is accused of. For us, where the Kagame regime sees this genocidal ideology, we see the right of memory and recognition of all the victims because we believe that is the only way to achieve a true reconciliation in our country."
“Where the Kagame regime sees this genocidal ideology, we see the right of memory and recognition of all the victims because we believe that is the only way to achieve a true reconciliation in our country."
For 22 years, the Rwandan government’s radically simplified and decontextualized history of the massacres has been used to justify President Paul Kagame’s totalitarian rule. For 20 years it has also been used to justify the U.S.-backed invasion, occupation and plunder of the immensely resource rich Democratic Republic of the Congo, despite 22 years of UN reports documenting Kagame’s army’s atrocities in both Rwanda and Congo. Kagame and his partner, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni, have claimed that that their troops must hunt down Hutu genocide perpetrators who escaped into Congo in 1994, despite abundant evidence that the troops are really there to seize Congolese territory and plunder Congolese resources.
After 10 years of research in Rwanda and DRC, University of Virginia Professor Allan Stam described the Kagame regime’s excuse for being in Congo in his lecture at the Ford School of Public Policy, “Understanding the Rwanda Genocide”:
“From 1998 to 2000, the RPF [Rwandan Patriotic Front] gets control of the eastern Congo, all the way from Kisangani, or what was formerly known as Stanleyville. This is the last navigable point on the river coming up from the Atlantic Ocean. As the crow flies, Kisangani is 470 miles from Kigali. By the roads, it’s about 800 miles.
“We interviewed the defense minister and the solicitor general of the Rwandan Supreme Court, and Christian and I asked these guys, ‘What are you guys doing in Kisangani? It’s kinda far. It’s sorta like going from Washington, D.C., to St. Louis.’
“And he said, ‘Well, we have security concerns! There are Hutu militias in the jungle!’
“And we said, ‘Yeah, y’know, we went there. And we saw ‘em. But, you don’t have to go to Kisangani to find them. They’re five miles over the border. So why are you guys 500 miles into the Congo?’
“And there’s this long pause, and the solicitor general – he's the guy that really lost it. And he says, ‘I went to the University of Chicago. I have a master’s degree in international relations. I’ve read Hans Morgenthau. I’m a realist. I know that the United States doesn’t give a shit about what we do in this country, in this part of the world. We’re gonna do what we think we need to do to guarantee our security and wealth.’
“They’re his words. Christian and I looked at each other. Christian’s just shakin’ his head like, ‘I can’t believe you just got this man to swear at you.’ And I was like, ‘Wow. This is great. I can’t believe this guy just admitted to occupying the eastern THIRD of AFRICA to enrich him and his buddies.’”
President Bill Clinton was in power during the Rwandan massacres and during the Rwandan and Ugandan invasions of Congo in 1996 and 1998. Clinton frequently sheds crocodile tears about his so-called failure to intervene in Rwanda, despite documentation that he in fact intervened to make sure that U.S. ally General Paul Kagame won the war and seized power in Rwanda, no matter how high the human cost. In the recent Wikileaks release of Hillary Clinton campaign chair John Podesta’s e-mail, Clinton Foundation staffer Amitabh Desai wrote, “[Rwandan] Ambassador said criticism of Kagame seems to have quieted, partly due to WJC - [William Jefferson Clinton] - and Blair's unwavering support for Kagame. [Rwandan] Ambassador said Kagame and Rwanda very much appreciate WJC’s - [William Jefferson Clinton’s] - unflinching support."
Ann Garrison an independent journalist based in Oakland, USA.
Rich capitalist nations use a variety of means to escape paying compensation to the Global South for climate change damage. The outcome at COP26 was no different in this regard.
The island nations of the Caribbean are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change.
In this extensive interview, socialist activist and writer Issa Shivji discusses the peasantry, capitalist development and socialism.
The Build Back Better program isn't just just inadequate on climate. It will have disastrous consequences if there is no active mass movement to counter its provisions.
Nicara
